Published on June 28, 2026, the paper studies representations during multi-operand addition and proposes a geometric account of carries and arithmetic errors in LLMs.
Published on June 28, 2026, the paper examines residual-stream representations during sums with multiple operands. It identifies the Iso-Raw-Sum Trajectory: semantic digits anchor the representations, while continuous carry fibers modulate them.
The work proposes the Noisy Quantization Model to explain arithmetic errors and offers a geometric interpretation of how representations encode carries. To assess the findings, consult the original paper cited in the archive record and check its methods, definitions, and supporting evidence.